ABSTRACT
Background: The recognition of the relationship between thromboembolism in COVID-19 and poor clinical outcomes led to the use of anticoagulants in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Aim(s): To determine the effects of anticoagulants in COVID-19 patients and to compare the effect of oral, subcutaneous, and combined anticoagulants on patient outcomes. Study design: Retrospective cohort study Place and duration: A private tertiary care hospital, in Lahore, from 1st April 2020 to 30 Sep 2020 Methodology: Data were collected from electronic and paper records of admitted patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 on PCR or with a radiological diagnosis of COVID-19. A total of 179 patients were included in the study, 172 were given anticoagulation, out of these, 74 were given oral anticoagulation, 73 were given subcutaneous and 24 were given combination of oral and subcutaneous anticoagulants. Result(s): Among 172 patients on anticoagulants, 41(23.8%) expired while 131(76.2%) recovered. Among 7(100%) patients on no anticoagulation, 1(14.3%) patient expired while 6(85.7%) recovered. 19(11%) patients on anticoagulation progressed towards the need for invasive ventilation while 152(89%) patients did not need invasive ventilation. Among patients on subcutaneous anticoagulants, 27(37%) expired while 46(63%) recovered. 8(33.3%) patients on combined anticoagulants expired while 16(66.7%) recovered. 6(8.1%) patients on oral anticoagulants expired while 68(91.9%) recovered. Conclusion(s): Anticoagulation improves the outcome of COVID-19 patients and oral anticoagulation is better than subcutaneous and combined anticoagulation.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) first reported in Wuhan, China, causes serious respiratory illnesses such as lung failure and pneumonia. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) the pathogenic agent of COVID-19 has been confirmed as a novel coronavirus. WHO announced COVID-19 a global pandemic and now the whole world is eagerly waiting for vaccines and therapeutic treatment to get rid of this unstoppable coronavirus. As COVID-19 infection, a global threat creates unwanted human casualties and serious economic loss. To stop the ongoing uncontrolled situation researchers are racing to develop prevention and treatment strategies. Vaccines of different countries are in clinical and preclinical trials and the repurposed-drugs are providing to find out a positive result against COVID-19. The report is an analysis of published information focusing on treatment options including vaccination, drug-therapy, cytokines, therapeutic antibodies. Most of the vaccine's development strategies and drugs target the surface structural spike glycoprotein or S-protein, the major inducer of pathogenic responses. Here, it is reviewed the features of SARS-CoV-2 and the global current status of therapeutic, and vaccine development for the prevention and effective treatment of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Rationale: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recognized as highly pathogenic. The current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has been spread globally and infected more than 200 countries. Patient concerns: We report the first confirmed fatal case of COVID-19 in Pakistan. A 50-year-old man returned from Saudi Arabia on March 09, 2020 and presented with cough, fever, malaise, poor appetite and difficulty in breathing to the Pulmonologist at District Headquarter Hospital Mardan. Diagnosis: The patient was initially diagnosed as COVID-19 suspected case. A oropharyngeal swab sample was positive by realtime RT-PCR tests. Lessons: This report highlights the importance of close coordination between clinicians and public health authorities as well as the importance of early laboratory-based confirmation of COVID-19 cases.